Last Updated on 16 January 2026 by Cycloscope
The spectacular deserts of Gansu, Western China; a visit to the famous Mogao Caves; and a useful. Hack to enjoy the biggest sand dunes in China for free!
Dunhuang is probably the most touristic destination in Western China. The main attractions are, for sure, the Mogao Caves and the huge sand dunes around the Crescent Moon Lake.
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The Mogao caves are among the most valuable cultural heritage sites in the world, comparable to the Sistine Chapel or the ruins of Angkor; the frescoed grottoes are perfectly preserved, showing 1000 years of Buddhist art’s evolution.
The Crescent Moon Lake (Yueyaquan) itself is a bit of an overrated attraction, with a ridiculous entrance fee. The dunes of Dunhuang, though, are spectacular, probably the best sand dunes in China, and among the most beautiful in the world. In this article, we’ll explain how to get to the Dunhuang Sand Dunes for free.
Besides these famous sights, there are many more small things to see in Dunhuang, and the town itself is worth a few days’ stay. It’s a pleasant small city, another oasis in between two deserts, the Taklamakan and the Gobi Desert. Another Silk Road caravanserai.
The road from Turpan to Dunhuang
Turpan bus station, heading to Dunhuang. I get into a bank thinking it’s the ticket office, and we get really friendly help from an employee who speaks some English and comes with us to the real ticket office.
To put the bicycle in the bus’s trunk, you have to pay a small bribe, to be split between the driver and the baggage desk lady. The task itself is not easy, there’s no space, and there are two more Chinese cyclists.
But fortunately, the passengers are few, I think about ten, and we get more room to sleep. The bus is slow and pretty boring, and we have to go through three passport controls.
Xinjiang people’s mobility is quite restricted, especially if you’re ethnic Uyghur; you’re sure you’re gonna be checked often. Indeed, there’s a man with a Taqiyah (typical Muslim hat) and beard who gets some problems.
From the bus, we also see police practicing martial arts in the police station courtyard, weird.
We were supposed to arrive around 8 am, but it was past 11 when we got to Dunhuang. So we crossed from Xinjiang into Gansu, happy to have saved a bike ride that, except for the spectacular Flaming Mountains just outside Turpan, is on a dusty road into the same bare rocky desert, dotted with scattered, smoking, stinky factories.
Of course, if we had had an unlimited visa for China, it would not be too bad to save on the cheap bus, but with only one month, it would be a waste to see just grey rocks.
Put the bikes in one piece again (we had to dismantle them a bit to get on the bus), and we go looking for a place to sleep.
Plenty of choice here, we find a hotel for 60 yuan (9€). A big double room, with a huge TV, a kettle, a bathroom with a shower, and slippers. toothbrush, soap, shampoo, and telephone… not bad really. Something to eat at the restaurant across the street, and just before sunset, the best time, we go to look at the famous sand dunes.
Dunhuang sand dunes
About 6 km south of the city center, there’s the official entrance to the dunes and the so-called Crescent Moon Lake, a small desert lake that indeed resembles a crescent moon.
Of course, the whole thing is fenced, and the entry fee is 160 yuan (23€… insane). But the dunes stretch east and west, and we think there must be a way to get on them for free. And we find it!
How to enter for free at the Dunhuang sand dunes:
Take the last road to the right before the official entrance gate, and you will pass a nice little village where the inhabitants breed camels (now only for tourists, we think). The dunes are on the left, behind some nice vineyards, but they’re still fenced here.
Keep on riding, following the same direction (west) for about 6/7 km, until you see a sand expanse on your left; there’s a little creek there. So here there’s no more fence, and you’re free to climb the huge dunes and get lost in the desert!
Really fun getting to the top and sliding like a kid, or just enjoying the sunset view if you’re more of a romantic type (we had done both). Finally, we get some good feelings from the Gobi, a sensation that traces more to the stereotype that everybody has of a desert.
The dunes are gorgeous, hundreds of meters high, and with thin golden sand that is a pleasure under your feet. You will not see the lake, though, but the nice thing is the dunes. Moreover, the girl from our hotel told us that the lake could probably be dry at this time of the year.
Dunhuang city center, food square, and night market
We go back to the happy Five Ring Hotel, we sleep in our huge double bed after zapping between documentaries and Chinese talent shows.
The day after, we visit the town center, which is very pleasant, with the famous night market where local handicrafts are sold alongside crappy souvenirs.
Then we strolled through the “grill district” (plenty of shashlik and grilled fish here) and, what we liked more, the sheltered “food square”, with a dozen tiny restaurants, each specializing in a single type of dish.
We visited it twice, getting first a hot-pot casserole (I with donkey meat, typical of this area, and Elena with vegetables) and then North Korean cold noodles, a weird violet color.
Mogao Caves
On June 15, we are ready to visit the Mogao Caves, a complex of 492 Buddhist grottoes carved into a sandy cliff, spanning 1000 years of Buddhist history and art across four dynasties.
Magao Caves are considered among the most important cultural and artistic relics in China, and thus in the world.
According to OpenStreetMap, the site is about 20 kilometers away, and after 10 kilometers, we reach the ticket office, where the road is closed.
Ticket Prices:
Peak Season (April 1st to November 30th): CNY 258 for foreign visitors.
Off-Season (December 1st to March 31st): CNY 160 for foreign visitors.
Inclusions:
The admission fee encompasses several components to enhance your visit:
- Access to the Mogao Caves: Guided tours typically include visits to eight caves, showcasing a selection of the site’s rich history and artistry.
- Digital Exhibition Center: Before touring the caves, visitors can experience two informative films that provide context about the site’s significance.
- Shuttle Bus Service: Transportation between the Digital Exhibition Center and the cave entrances is provided.
- Foreign Language Interpretation: English-language tours are available, with sessions commonly scheduled at 9:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 2:30 PM
To see the caves, we are obliged to visit this new building, the audiovisual center, where we have to sit through not one but two films that spoil the caves before we see them live.
A struggle with the Chinese tourism bureaucracy
The first movie lasts 30 minutes and is not bad, tracing the birth of Dunhuang, a town on the Silk Road, and the creation of the caves.
The second is in another room, with a 360° screen and, as we feared, shows the caves we’re going to visit, spoiling the surprise. Half of the visitors sleep in the comfortable chair. Chinese people don’t complain; if it’s mandatory, it’s mandatory. Well done, Mao.
Then we had to wait 3 hours before we could tour with an English-speaking guide. The guide is a must-have, the caves are closed by gates, and they have the keys, it is useful to have someone explaining something to you.
There are no explanatory signs. And anyway, it is mandatory. We find out later that the guide was there from 9 am, but foreigners can have guidance only at certain times, set by the Communist-issimo Bureau of Tourist Administration of the Gansu region.
To reach the caves from the audiovisual center, you have to take a bus, included in the ticket, because you can’t walk there. Chinese tourists are absurd, always running and pushing.
But people are numbered, and the buses can accommodate them all; it’s useless to push. Even when they visit the place they run, seem to be always in a hurry. Probably they are on organized trips and have to rush to see as many things as possible.
However, our guide will pick us up at the entrance and save us the cue, with us there’s also an Australian dude.
Being only the 3 of us with the guide is just perfect. Having her keys to the caves, we can go to those where there is no crowd. The caves are indeed closed with gates to protect them from weathering.
We see 12 caves in little more than 2 hours, from different periods and with very different styles, including the famous library cave, where hundreds of precious manuscripts were discovered in 1900, one of the most important archaeological finds in the last century.
The frescoes are all original and perfectly preserved; the pigments were made from the most precious raw materials, blue from topaz, red from ruby, and so on.
The statues, however, are sometimes original, sometimes reproduced, or re-painted, mostly in the 19th century. The art is astonishing; however, those caves were sponsored by the wealthiest and most powerful families of the whole Chinese empire, seeking divine blessing and/or just to impress contemporary and future generations.
Giant Buddha and roaming free without a guide at the Mogao site
There’s also a really impressive giant Buddha that you can see only from below, while another is being restored and is closed to the public.
There are hundreds of caves, and it’s impossible to see them all; some require a separate fee to open, up to 500 yuan per cave.
However, when you’re done with the guide, you still can wander the site by yourself, joining random groups to see more caves.
At the end of the trail, you can visit the museum where several caves, usually closed to the public, are perfectly reconstructed. And then there are many Tibetan statues and statuettes, interesting.
Inside the park, there is another museum and several exhibitions you can visit. We can only see that of a painter who likes to re-draw the frescoes of the caves; time is short, and the center closes at 17:30.
In hindsight, it was totally worth going through all these troubles to visit the Mogao Caves, especially since we missed the similar Bezeklik Caves near Turpan.
We take the bus back to the parking lot where our bikes are waiting and go to the nearby train station. We asked how to take the train to Zhangye with the bikes. The ticket gal is crazy and screaming, as if she screams louder, we’ll suddenly understand Mandarin. Everybody in the long line laughs.
Luckily, there’s a guy who speaks English and helps us communicate with the lady, who still yells even with him. Her voice is identical to that of a typical hysterical old lady from some cartoon.
However the ticket is available for tomorrow morning, for the bike we have to go to the nearby office of the police station that is responsible for shipping the goods on trains, the office is called CRE (China Railway Express) and is in every Chinese station, is through them that is possible to ship bicycles and every kind of odd sized items everywhere in China.
With our friendly interpreter, we go, even the cop lady is a mad chick, but funnier, with glasses as thick as the bottom of a bottle.
She’s new to the office, on her first day, and doesn’t know very well how it works. In the end, we pay only 50 yuan per bike, about 7 euros, and 18 yuan for bags, complete with a receipt, no bribes here, wow. All this legality and receipts are disorienting.
We sleep at the motel near the underground station (30 yuan). Even here, there is a receipt. And so we save another couple of hundred desert kilometers through the Hexi Corridor, until Zhangye.
Follow us while we get lost