Last Updated on 28 January 2025 by Cycloscope
Tulou in Fujian, China – traditional Hakka earth buildings. We tell you how to reach them, where to stay, and what to eat in this fascinating cultural heritage site!
We visited Fujian on our way to Taiwan, during the school holidays when we were living in Sanmen, in the nearby Zeijang. Tulou is a large, traditional communal residence that was historically built by the Hakka people in the Fujian province of southeastern China.
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These unique buildings, often referred to as earth buildings, are notable for their impressive, fortress-like structures made from earth, wood, and rice straw. Though most Tulou is round, they can also take on square, rectangular, or oval shapes.
A Bit of History
These earth homes were designed to house entire family clans, and their design emphasizes both privacy and security, with rooms facing inward around a central courtyard.
In total, a single Tulou can host as many as 800 people, making it not just a residence but a social hub for generations of families living under one roof.
The construction of Tulou was primarily done by the Hakka people, who were known for their farming lifestyle. The buildings were constructed to protect against bandits and to foster close-knit community life.
The central courtyard of each Tulou served as a space for a variety of activities. Here, the kitchens, communal dining areas, and even bathrooms are located, with the outer walls offering protection from potential intruders.
Guests are often received in the courtyard, where families can socialize and work together.
In 2008, UNESCO recognized Tulou as a World Heritage Site, underscoring their cultural and architectural significance.
The Tulou area spans more than 20,000 such buildings in Fujian, with 3,000 of them included in the UNESCO site. While some of these Tulou are open to tourists, many remain in use as private homes by local Hakka families.
Visitors to the area can experience not just the beauty and history of the Tulou but also the authenticity of the traditional rural Hakka way of life.
The Tulou Clusters: Famous Sites and Attractions
The majority of Fujian’s Tulou are concentrated in two regions: Yongding and Nanjing, with notable clusters such as Tianluokeng, Hongkeng, and Hekeng. These areas are particularly known for their well-preserved, visually striking Tulou complexes.
- Tianluokeng Tulou Cluster: Often considered the most scenic, this cluster includes a group of five Tulou arranged in a perfectly circular shape, with the Buyun building at the center.
The landscape surrounding this cluster provides an incredible view of the Tulou against the backdrop of mountains and lush greenery. - Hongkeng Tulou Cluster: Known for its large, circular buildings and the Zhenfulou Tulou, this site is often visited for its unique arrangement and the historical significance of its buildings.
- Hekeng Tulou Cluster: A less touristy area but equally fascinating, Hekeng showcases Tulou that are still inhabited by local families.
Travel Guide to Tulou (Fujian, China)
How to Reach Tulou
The most common way to reach the Tulou clusters is by traveling to Xiamen or Zhangzhou, two cities with good transport connections. From Xiamen, it’s about a four-hour drive to the Tulou area, though the journey can be a bit challenging due to narrow mountain roads.
We traveled from Hangzhou, where we lived, on our way to Fuzhou, where we took the ferry to Taiwan. If you have a bit of time that could be a great itinerary. Check the train timetable on Trip.com, the best app that works in China, also perfect for booking hotels
Taxis or private cars are the best option to get from Xiamen to the Tulou clusters, but buses are also available for those on a budget. The Fujian Provincial Highway 309 (S309) or county roads take you through scenic, winding mountain roads to the Tulou.
Alternatively, you can fly to Fuzhou or Xiamen and take a bus or taxi from there.
Entrance Fees
- UNESCO Tulou Sites: Most of the UNESCO-listed Tulou complexes charge an entrance fee for tourists, typically ranging from ¥50 to ¥100 per person, depending on the location. For example, the Tianluokeng Tulou Cluster and the Hongkeng Tulou Cluster charge around ¥80.
- Non-tourist Tulou: Some of the less-visited Tulou are still used as private residences and do not charge for entry. However, it’s recommended to be respectful and ask for permission before entering.
- Guided Tours: Some sites offer guided tours, which can cost between ¥100 to ¥200 per person, depending on the group size and tour duration.
Where to Stay
While there are no large hotels inside the Tulou area, visitors can find different types of accommodations in the nearby towns and villages. Here are some options:
- Zhangzhou: Located about two hours away from the Tulou, Zhangzhou offers several hotels and guesthouses for those looking for a more urban experience. Many of these establishments cater to tourists visiting the Tulou.
- Xiamen: Xiamen, a larger city, also offers a wide range of accommodation options from budget hotels to luxury resorts. Many people choose to stay in Xiamen and take a day trip to the Tulou clusters.
- Homestays: For a more authentic experience, many visitors opt to stay in homestays within the Tulou. This gives you a chance to experience Hakka culture firsthand, enjoy traditional Hakka meals, and interact with local families. Many families provide basic but comfortable rooms, often with shared bathroom facilities.
- Guesthouses: Simple guesthouses are available around the Tulou clusters, offering a place to rest after a day of sightseeing.
Typical Foods to Try
Hakka Cuisine is renowned for its hearty, flavorful dishes. If you’re visiting the Tulou, be sure to try some of these traditional foods (I linked the recipes in case you want to give it a try!):
- Hakka Stuffed Tofu (Chao Tofu): A classic dish where tofu is filled with seasoned ground meat, vegetables, and spices, often served with rice.
- Salt-Baked Chicken (Yán Jī): A dish where chicken is marinated with a variety of herbs and spices before being baked in salt, making it both tender and flavorful.
- Rice Cake Soup (Nian Gao): A traditional soup made with rice cakes, often accompanied by vegetables and pork. This dish is particularly popular during the Chinese New Year.
- Stir-Fried Pork with Vegetables: Fresh, locally grown vegetables stir-fried with tender pork slices in a savory sauce.
- Hakka Braised Pork (Lu Rou): Braised pork belly cooked in soy sauce and spices until it’s rich and flavorful.
You’ll often find these dishes served family-style, where everyone shares from the same pot, reinforcing the communal nature of the Hakka people’s lifestyle.
Other Tips for Visiting Tulou
- Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit the Tulou clusters is during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is mild and pleasant. We visited in early February and it wasn’t that cold. Summer may be too hot for outdoor exploration.
- What to Wear: Comfortable walking shoes are a must since exploring Tulou clusters often involves walking along narrow paths and climbing stairs. Light, breathable clothing is also recommended, especially during warmer months.
- Respect the Locals: Many Tulou are still inhabited by local families. Always ask for permission before entering a Tulou that is not designated for tourists. It’s also customary to offer small gifts or tokens of appreciation if you’re invited to enter someone’s home.
Visiting the Tulou gives you the unique opportunity to experience the heritage and lifestyle of the Hakka people in one of China’s most remarkable architectural feats. Whether you’re drawn to the historical significance, the beautiful surroundings, or the chance to interact with the local culture, a trip to Fujian’s Tulou clusters is an unforgettable experience.